Common-ion effect is a shift in chemical equilibrium, which affects solubility of solutes in a reacting system. The phenomenon is an application of Le-Chatelier’s principle for equilibrium reactions that has become a regular occurrence in chemistry analysis and industrial researches. It is an important phenomenon that can be used in practice, to understand some reaction conditions that could favour an increased product formation. In Chemistry, its principle is thought to rely on its ability to exploit the availability of an ion present in each of the reacting compounds in a reacting system to suppress the solubility of one of the ionic substances upon contact with another ionic compound. Due to the precipitating effect of the presence of common-ions in equilibrium solutions, the common-ion effect is considered one of the factors that affect the solubility of a compound. The principle of common-ion effect applies in many chemical processes including those involved in buffering soluti.
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This study aims at extending the general methodology for the study of predominance and reactivity of ionic homogeneous solutions to precipitation reactions. This extension was satisfactorily formulated by the definition of the fraction of species concept in heterogeneous systems for the first time. An easy form to fully integrate the ion product concept with other descriptions of homogeneous ionic reactions, to obtain predominance zone diagrams (PDZ), to enrich the use logarithmic relative diagrams, to generate continuous equations from titration curves, and to generalize side-reaction coefficients to heterogeneous systems using easy-to-compute algorithms of calculation is shown. The new representation was applied in a study case exemplified by the hydrolysis of copper (II) in the absence and the presence of complexing ligands considering soluble and insoluble species of the metal ion. The results perfectly compare to those obtained by established numerical and graphical methods of analysis of solution equilibria showing the equivalence among the different descriptions. Pre-nucleation clusters (PNCs) theory of precipitation reactions was used as a mean to interpret the theoretical implication that this view engendered.
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Journal of Solution Chemistry
